Kusukela ngomhlaka-7 kuya ku-8 Septhemba, uMhlangano Wesine Wesigungu Segatsha Le-Hard Alloy le-Tungsten Industry Association, kanye neNgqungquthela Yombiko Wemakethe Ye-Hard Alloy kanye neNgqungquthela Yezemfundo Yesizwe Ye-13 Ye-Hard Alloy, yabanjwa ngokulandelana eZhuzhou, eShayina. Owokuqala umhlangano ojwayelekile ohlelwe yinhlangano yezimboni ephezulu kakhulu, eyenzeka emadolobheni ahlukene minyaka yonke (umhlangano wangonyaka odlule wawubanjelwe eShanghai). Owokugcina uyenzeka njalo eminyakeni emine futhi uwumcimbi obalulekile wokushintshana ngezifundo emkhakheni wezinto zasekhaya. Phakathi nengqungquthela ngayinye, ochwepheshe abaphezulu abavela embonini ye-hard alloy ezweni lonke, kanye nabameleli bamabhizinisi, baletha ucwaningo lwabo lwakamuva kanye nokubona.
Ukubamba umcimbi omkhulu kangaka eZhuzhou akugcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngeplatifomu yokwandisa imibono kanye nokucabanga okuhlukile kwamabhizinisi endawo nawezwe lonke, kodwa futhi kugcizelela futhi kuqinise isikhundla esibalulekile sikaZhuzhou embonini ye-hard alloy kazwelonke. "Isivumelwano sikaZhuzhou" esakhiwe futhi savezwa phakathi nalesi senzakalo siyaqhubeka nokuqondisa izitayela zemboni kanye nokuhola inqubekela phambili yemboni.
Inkomba Yemboni Ye-Hard Alloy Iyaqala Ukwakheka eZhuzhou
"Engqungqutheleni yango-2021, ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo emisha yezimboni ze-hard alloy kuzwelonke kwafinyelela ku-9.785 billion yuan, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-30.3%. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwempahla engaguquki kwakungu-1.943 billion yuan, kanti ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezobuchwepheshe (ucwaningo) kwakungu-1.368 billion yuan, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-29.69%..." Esiteji, abameleli be-Tungsten Industry Association's Hard Alloy Branch babelane ngezibalo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemboni. Ezilalelini, ababekhona bathathe izithombe zala maphuzu edatha ayigugu ngama-smartphone abo.
Izibalo zedatha yemboni ye-hard alloy ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi wegatsha. Selokhu lasungulwa ngo-1984, le nhlangano ibilokhu ishicilela lezi zibalo iminyaka engama-38. Futhi yilona kuphela igatsha elincane ngaphansi kwe-China Tungsten Industry Association elinayo futhi lishicilela njalo idatha yemboni.
Igatsha le-Hard Alloy lixhumene ne-Zhuzhou Hard Alloy Group, kanti leli qembu lisebenza njengosihlalo weyunithi yalo. I-Zhuzhou futhi yilapho kwakhiqizwa khona i-hard alloy yokuqala eNew China. Ngenxa yalesi sikhundla esibalulekile, i-"Hard Alloy Industry Index" isibe "ibhodi lokubonisa" eliyisici elinegunya kanye nokunaka embonini, okuheha amabhizinisi amaningi embonini ukuthi adalule idatha yawo yokusebenza yangempela njalo ngekota noma ngonyaka.
Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwe-alloy eqinile eqoqwe embonini kazwelonke kufinyelele kumathani angu-22,983.89, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-0.2%. Imali engenayo eyinhloko yebhizinisi yayingu-18.753 billion yuan, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-17.52%; inzuzo yayingu-1.648 billion yuan, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-22.37%. Imboni iyaqhubeka nokugcina umkhuba omuhle wentuthuko.
Njengamanje, izinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-60 zizimisele ukudalula idatha, ehlanganisa cishe u-90% wamandla emboni ye-hard alloy kazwelonke.
Kusukela ngonyaka odlule, igatsha liguqule futhi lalungisa imibiko yezibalo, lakha imodeli yezibalo enengqondo, ehlukaniswe ngokwesayensi, futhi ewusizo. Okuqukethwe nakho sekuphelele kakhulu, njengokwengeza izinkomba zokuhlela njengomthamo wokukhiqiza umkhiqizo wezimboni we-tungsten kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele.
Ukuthola umbiko ophelele we-"Hard Alloy Industry Index" akunikezi nje umbono onembile wemikhiqizo eyisisekelo yamabhizinisi amakhulu, amandla obuchwepheshe, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha, kodwa futhi kubonisa ngokubaluleke kakhulu izitayela zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni. Lolu lwazi lunenani elibalulekile lokubhekisela ekwakheni izinyathelo ezilandelayo zamasu okuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi ngalinye. Ngakho-ke, lo mbiko wamukelwa ngokwandayo ngamabhizinisi emboni.
Njenge-barometer kanye nekhampasi embonini, ukukhishwa kwezinkomba zemboni noma "amaphepha amhlophe" kunencazelo enhle ewusizo ekuhlaziyeni izitayela zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni, ukuqondisa ukukhula kwemboni okunempilo, kanye nokukhuthaza uguquko kanye nokuthuthukiswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhumusha okujulile kwemiphumela yezinkomba kanye nemikhuba emisha yemboni, okusebenza njengesixhumanisi, kungandisa umbuthano wokuxhumana futhi kudale uhlelo lwezimboni olugxile kuzinkomba, kudonsele ukuhlangana kwemali, ezokuthutha, ithalente, nezinye izinto ezibalulekile.
Ezindaweni eziningi nasezifundeni, lo mqondo usuvele ubonakala ngokugqamile.
Isibonelo, ngo-Ephreli walo nyaka, iGuangzhou Metro yahola ukukhishwa kombiko wokuqala wesenzo sezulu embonini yezokuthutha ngezitimela, ohlinzeka ngezincomo zesenzo sentuthuko yemboni engenakhabhoni eningi, esimeme imvelo, esheshayo, nekhwalithi ephezulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokusekelwe ekuhlanganisweni okuqinile kwezinsizakusebenza kanye namakhono okuxhumanisa kulo lonke uchungechunge lwemboni, iGuangzhou Metro ithole ithonya elikhulu embonini yezokuthutha ngezitimela kazwelonke.
Esinye isibonelo idolobha laseWenling eSifundazweni saseZhejiang, elaziwa njengesikhungo sikazwelonke semikhiqizo yamathuluzi okusika kanye nendawo yohlu lokuqala lwe-"First Share of Cutting Tools Trading Center eShayina." I-Wenling iphinde yakhipha inkomba yokuqala yamathuluzi okusika kazwelonke, isebenzisa izinkomba ukuchaza nokuhlaziya izitayela zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamathuluzi okusika kazwelonke kanye noshintsho lwamanani omkhiqizo, okubonisa ngokuphelele ukuchuma kwemboni yamathuluzi okusika yasekhaya.
I-"Hard Alloy Industry Index," ekhiqizwe eZhuzhou futhi ihlose izwe lonke, ingase ishicilelwe ngefomethi ebanzi kakhulu esikhathini esizayo. "Ingase ithuthuke ngale ndlela kamuva; lokhu futhi kuyisidingo kanye nomkhuba wemboni. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje ishicilelwa ngaphakathi kwemboni kuphela ngobubanzi obuncane," kusho ummeleli oshiwo ngenhla.
Akuzona nje izinkomba kodwa nezindinganiso. Kusukela ngo-2021 kuya ku-2022, igatsha, ngokubambisana ne-China Tungsten Industry Association, liqede futhi lashicilela izindinganiso eziyisithupha zikazwelonke nezemboni zama-alloy aqinile. Izindinganiso eziyisishiyagalombili zikazwelonke nezemboni ziyabuyekezwa noma zilinde ukushicilelwa, kuyilapho izindinganiso eziyishumi nantathu zikazwelonke nezemboni sezithunyelwe. Phakathi kwalezi kukhona uhlaka oluhamba phambili lwegatsha lwe-"Energy Consumption Limits and Calculation Methods for Individual Hard Alloy Products." Njengamanje, leli zinga lisenqubweni yokumenyezelwa njengendinganiso yendawo ezingeni lesifundazwe futhi kulindeleke ukuthi lisebenze esimweni sendinganiso sikazwelonke ngonyaka ozayo.
Ukusebenzisa Ithuba Lokudluliselwa Kwamandla Emhlabeni Wonke
Ezinsukwini ezimbili ezedlule, ochwepheshe abavela ezikhungweni zocwaningo, ezikhungweni, kanye namabhizinisi, njengeZhongnan University, iChina University of Mining and Technology, iSichuan University, iNational Tungsten and Rare Earth Product Quality Inspection and Testing Center, iXiamen Tungsten Co., Ltd., kanye neZigong Hard Alloy Co., Ltd., babelane ngemibono yabo kanye nemibono yesikhathi esizayo yale mboni.
USu Gang, uNobhala-Jikelele we-China Tungsten Industry Association, uthe ngesikhathi esethulweni sakhe ukuthi njengoba ukucutshungulwa nokukhiqizwa kwe-tungsten emhlabeni wonke kubuya kancane kancane, isidingo sezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-tungsten sizohlala siphezulu. Njengamanje, iShayina yilona kuphela izwe elineketanga eliphelele lemboni ye-tungsten, elinezinzuzo zokuncintisana emhlabeni wonke kwezokumbiwa, ukukhetha, kanye nokucwengisisa, futhi lithuthukela ezintweni ezithuthukisiwe, libheke ekukhiqizeni kwesimanje okusezingeni eliphezulu. "Isikhathi 'se-14th Five-Year Plan' sizoba yisigaba esibalulekile sokuguqulwa kwemboni ye-tungsten yaseShayina ibe yintuthuko esezingeni eliphezulu."
UZhang Zhongjian usebenze njengoSihlalo weShayina Tungsten Industry Association's Hard Alloy Branch isikhathi eside futhi njengamanje unguSihlalo oPhethe weZhuzhou Hard Alloy Industry Association kanye noprofesa ovakashile eHunan University of Technology. Unolwazi olujulile nolude ngalo mkhakha. Kusukela kudatha yakhe eyabiwe, kungabonakala ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-hard alloy kuzwelonke kukhule kusuka kumathani ayi-16,000 ngo-2005 kuya kumathani ayi-52,000 ngo-2021, ukwanda okuphindwe ka-3.3, okubangela ngaphezu kuka-50% wenani lomhlaba wonke. Imali engenayo yokusebenza kwe-hard alloy ikhuphuke kusuka kuma-yuan ayizigidigidi ezingu-8.6 ngo-2005 kuya kuma-yuan ayizigidigidi ezingu-34.6 ngo-2021, ukwanda okuphindwe kane; ukusetshenziswa emakethe yezixazululo zokucubungula imishini yaseShayina kukhuphuke kusuka kuma-yuan ayizigidigidi ezingu-13.7 ngonyaka
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-01-2020
